Fourth Quiz

PERCEPTION of EARLY REQUIREMENT ANALYSE

CONCEPT of INVESTIGATION SYSTEM

Difference Difference of between target of system and system condition in fact

Report detect the problem do not really real

• Target too ideal
• Lacking of resource and or attitude
• System measurement less be accurate
• System target of under developed
• Difference of between system of ideal and system of whereas

Problem Solving

• System Formulation which is walk
• Ideal Getting of system consensus
• Developing Some alternative
• Chosening Best alternative

Investigation target is show the problem which is in fact happened

Some constraint which often emerge in conducting investment

• Time : Analysts lack of resources time, so just do some investigative activities. Usually when dealing with the issue of cost is required.
• Cost : Often the costs incurred related to the length of time for activities investigas, so that management will give the limits of cost.
• Knowledge : Manager information systems tend Yunior told analysts that do not yet have the technical expertise or knowledge is sufficient, so that will impact on the results of investigations that are less deep, mature or complete.
• Politics : Management or the parties may distribute certain issues which aim to restrict the investigation activities.
• Interference : There are parties who try to intervene or control activities in investigas that will disrupt or cause a disruption.

RECOMMENDATION

Result from investigation is a containing recommendation for example :

• Do not bring an action against because is not found by a problem
• Conducting system conservancy
• Improving ability or wearer skill
• Considering system modification totally
• Placing problem that happened into plan of system development which is immediately conducted

INVESTIGATION TACTICS

Tactics in needing to to find all problem, knowing cause of problem appearance, and determining correct solution

Conducted so that all system element can accept the solution offer without bothering their activity

Some tactics which can be conducted:

• Listening opinion of system perpetrator
• Don't give the resolving of early
• Comparing story of some people of system perpetrator to same case
• Paying attention to problem of inkonsistensi logical

Technique directly: kuesioner, question and answer, perception

Technique indirectly: procedure stream, learning document, sampel, tabular

DESKRIPSI SYSTEM

• Input
• Output
• File
• Data element
• Volume of Transaction and action document
• flow chart Data

REQUIREMENT ANALYSE.

Intensive Interaction Phase between system analyst by end is user of where team of system development show its membership to get the response and wearer belief so that get the good participation

4 target which wish reached

• Explaining system completely
• Depicting ideal information system
• Bringing ideal information system to condition in this time by paying attention to resource constraint
• Giving motivation to wearer confidence into system development

Method

• Question And Answer
• Kuisioner
• Observation
• Procedure analyse the
• Document perception

Resource constraint

• Time : time can influence the analyst to consider the technology innovation operated old during. Therefore, requirement to need enough time to have the leeway can create a[n good alternative
• Money : good information system cost money costly, so that need the defrayal enough
• Membership : staff of Information system have to have the knowledge, experience and also membership
• Technological : Requirement technology become the prima facie problem in system work, so that requirement to be technological of vital importance
• Ekternal Factor : A lot of incoming barricade from outside

The Requirement Document analyse

• Instruction analyse the : Relation with the final wearer, perception process, problem of data collecting
• Wearer Requirement : Requirement in fact, Report requirement, requirement of training and new system influence
• System Constraint : Explaining constraint of time and expense, membership, technological and factor eksternal
• Document in the form of data collecting instrument, statistical consensus, data stream by logikal and physical, data element of early in data dictionary.

GENERATING SYSTEMS ALTERNATIVES

Way of drawing near system condition in this time with the ideal system condition by making alternative to solve problem the information system and also the best alternative applied wisely

Strategy Choice

• Distributed Versus centralized processing : change of information Decision from centralized of data processing to decentralized end user responsibility center
• Integrated Versus dispersed database : System designer have to consider the data of any kind of incoming in data base and which come into the File
• Surround Strategy of System Development : Environmental about important strategy in the case of confiscation of because information system from other;dissimilar company possible differ from the company in this time.

Tactics Choice : Conducted by before choice of operational scheme

Choice of Operational Scheme :

• Input

o Online Vs Off of Data Lino Enter The

o Keyed Vs Machine Readable Data Enter The

o Centralized Vs Decentralized Data Enter The

• Processing

o Batch of Vs Realtime record update the

o Sequential Vs Direct Access to records

o Single Vs Multiple User update the of records

• Output

o Traditional Vs Turn Around Documents

o Structured Vs Inquiry based reports

SELECTING THE PROPER SYSTEM

Tactics compare the : System compared to by pursuant to expense and advantage relatively. There is 3 way of system A told by more pre-eminent with the other system if

• A have the lower expense from B and advantage of both is of equal
• A have the lower expense from B and A yield the advantage which is more than B
• A And B have the expense of is of equal but advantage yielded by A of more amount

Some Method of Compare System

• Break Even point Analyisis
• Payback Period
• Discounted Payback period
• Internal of Rate Of Return

Categories Expense : hardware, software, people, suppliers, telecommunications and physical sites

Expense Detail is comparing expense of information system of passing system life, projection analyst of how many expense change for the future and there is 3 model of expense of information system that is Linear, Eksponensial And Step Function

Expense of information system can just be happened once and earn is also happened chronically.

• Expense of just information system that happened once that is ontime cost and development cost that happened system development moment .
• Expense of information system that happened continually among other things is reccuring cost and also operational cost of where this expense is happened by the moment of information system operate every day.

INFORMATION SYSTEM FACTOR

Factor Qualitative instructing good information system performance among other things

• Lessening mistake storey;level
• Lessening time to improve;repair the mistake
• Lessening time listen carefully from workstation alternative
• Quickening ready time of information
• Improving system security
• Multiply to update the active source record
• Improving wearer satisfaction

Factor of Company Strategy

• Consumer Satisfaction
• Mount the sale mount the
• Komitmen of Consumer and vendor
• product marketing Information

PRESENTING SYSTEM STUDY

• Conducting presentation in a word
• Lessening technique clarification in detail

• Presenting clearly by means of assist visual
• If using model use the assistive appliance for example laptop so that more informative
• Emphasizing advantage from proposal of information system with a few existing alternative according to natural by condition of company

DECISION CONTINUE OR DO NOT

• If company set mind on to develop the system hence information department will conduct the process hereinafter that is Process The Desain System
• If on the contrary hence System Development Life Cycle ( SDLC) will be discontinued
• Frequently will be found by problem with the study system and and usually top management will ask conducting of reworking to study system
• Model will explain the some part of step repeated and sometime information department will make decision to repeat the step of before explaining study system
• With the alternative, decision to repeat a not to speak of or previous step SDLC of Go – No – Go Decision.

Slaid PPT Pengamatan Awal, Kebutuhan Analisis; Ngurah Agus Sanjaya ER, S.KOM, M.KOM

Third Quiz

1.Importance of developing an information system caused by Existence of problems of arising out in system, old ones like, which do not all right in Organizational Growth System, To reach for the opportunities, Existence of directives

2. Purpose or goal of developing an information system

- Solving problems

- Reach for the opportunity : In a state of market compete the speed of information or time efficiency very determining success or failure of strategy and plans which have been made arrangements for to reach for the existing opportunity.

- Fulfilling given instruction : New system compilation earn is also happened by caused by its is instruction of is from the top of head and or organizational from outside.

3. Organization’s expectations after implementing an information system

- Performance. Improvement to new system performance. so that become more effective

- Information, improvement to presented information quality

- Economy, Improvement to benefit or advantage or decreasing cost that happened

- Control, improvement to operation to detect and improve repair the mistake and also insincerity which and will be the happened

- Efficiency, improvement to efficiency for the operate

- Services, improvement to service given by system

4. Principles of developing an information system

1. System Developed is to menajemen

2. System Developed by is big capital invesment : all existing alternative have to investment

good invesment have to be valuable

3. System Developed need one who educated

4. Step Work and duties which must be conducted in course of development system

5. Process The development system do of note of have to massage

6. Don'T Fear to cancel the project

7. Documentation There must be for the guidance of in development system.

5. Explaining at least three system development life cycle models

Model of Waterfall

Requirements give service, definition, and system target determining to through consultancy with system user. Last go to design which is process scheme of system divide conditions in hardware system and its peripheral of him of Implementation which design software realized as with refer toing program entangling verification that each;every unit have fulfilled its specification. Afterwards to verification represent program unit and tested as complete system to guarantee that conditions of system have been fulfilled. After examination of system, software sent to User. Last to maintenance represent cycle phase which at longest. Conservancy include cover correction and various error which do not be found by at previous phases, repair of system unit implementation and development of service of system.

Model of Iterasi

Initial Planning represent planning early. Then go to requirements represent compiler of requirement completely is later;then analysed and defined by requirement which must fulfill by program to be woke up. This phase have to be done completely to be able to yield complete desain. And design Analysis do desain after requirement have been collected by lengkap.Implementation program desain translated into codes by using Ianguage of pemrograman which have been determined. direct woke up program tested by either through unit. Deployment conducting spreading. Last of testing representing federating of program units is later then tested as a whole. Afterwards evaluation to evaluate program .

Model of Spiral

Determine determine the intention of determined phase. Strategy alternative have been prepared pursuant to risks knew, and have been planned. Going to Identify risks resolve and each every risk analysed in detail at this sector, for example making prototype to know to incompatibility of requirement. Going to Development test and , after risk evaluation, hence system development model selected, for example if risk of user dominant interface, hence making User Interface prototype. Going to Plan iteration next the of is Project of evaluated or ditinjau-ulang and set mind on to continue to phase of loop hereinafter or do not. If continuing to next phase of plan for loop hereinafter.

6. Explaining approaches of developing a system

1. Classical approach fight against the structured approach

Classical approach emphasize that development system will succeed if/when following phase in systems life cycle. Structure approach try to provide to additional analysis system of appliance and technique for the development of system beside remain to follow the idea from systems life cycle

2. Piecemeal approach fight against the systems approach

Piecemeal approach, selected application or activity, developed by regardless of its position in system information or regardless of target of[is overall of organization. Systems Approach paying attention to system information as one integrated union to each activity or its application emphasizing at goal achievement of entirety from organization

3. Buttom-up approachfight against the top-down approach

Bottom-up Approach started from requirement formulation to handle the transaction and climb the level for by formulating information requirement of pursuant to the transaction. Top-down Approach started by identifying organizational wisdom and target is hereinafter conducted by analysis of information requirement, hence process to descend to transaction process

4. Total-system approach fight against the modular approach

Total-system Approach represent the approach developing system at a time by totally. approach try to solve the complicated system become the some part so that system will be more is easy to comprehended and developed.

5. Great loop approach fight against the evolutionary approach

Great Loop approach apply the change totally at a time use the sophisticated technology. Evolutionary Approach cause the invesment do not too costly and can keep abreast of the technology which quickly, so that technology used do not quickly become worn out.

7. Explaining the meaning of methodology, method and algorithm

- Methodologies is method union, procedure, work concepts, order and postulate used by a science, artistic or the other discipline.

- Algorithm is procedure sequence for the trouble-shooting of this.

- Method is a way of systematic technique to do something.

8. Explaining the three classifications of development methodology

1. Functional Decomposition methodologies

This methodologies emphasize at the resolving from system into smaller subsistem-subsistem, so that will be more easy to to be comprehended, designed and applied

2. Data of Oriented methodologies

This methodologies emphasize at the characteristic from data to be processed. This methodologies is grouped by into two class that is data of flow oriented methodologies and data of structure oriented methodologies

3. Presciptive Methodologies

- ISDOS

Automatization Usefulness process the development of system information. ISDOS have two component that is PSL ( a Ianguage to note the wearer requirement in the form of machine-readable) and PSA ( software packet which loo like with the data dictionary used to check the data included kept and analysed to be yielded by as output report)

- PLEXSYS

Usefulness to [do/conduct] the transpormasi of a high level statemen Ianguage computer to a executable code to a[n wanted hardware configuraton.

- PRIDE

Representing a[n better inwrought software for the analyst of designed by system structure, menajemen data, menajemen of project and documentation.

- SDM / 70

Representing a[n software contain with the method corps, estimate the, documentasi and guide of administration gunba assist the wearer to develop and take care of the effective system.

- SPECTRUM

Representing metodelogi of development system that is SII ( Spectrum International. Inc.)

- SRES And SREM

SRES of wearer Requirement expressed in RSL (requirement statement language). Definition RSL later then can be analysed by using REVS ( requirement engineering and validation system). Methodologies constitutoing software in mentioning SREM ( software requirement engineering merthodologi)

9. Mentioning tools for developing a system

Appliance of Development system which is the in form of graph

a. HIPO Diagram, used as by methodologies of HIPO and the other methodologies

b. Data of Flow diagram, used in methodologies of structured systems analylis and design

c. Structured Chat, used in methodologies of systems analysis and design

d. SADT Diagram, used in methodologies SADT

e. Warnier / orr diagram, used in methodologies Warnier / orr

f. Jakson's Diagram, used incmethodologies of Jackson system development

Appliance of Development system which is the in form of schema

1. activity charting : depicting activity

a. systems flowchart

b. program the flowchart: program the logic flowchart, detailed computer program the flowchart

c. paperwork flowchart

d. database of relationship flowchart

e. process flowchart

f. gantt chart

2. layout charting

3. personal relationship chartin : depicting personnel relation

a. working distribution chart

b. organization chart

10. Explaining techniques used in developing a system

a. technique of menajemen project, that is CPM ( critical path method ) and PERT

(program the evaluation and review technique). This technique [is] used for schedulling project

b. fact finding techniques that is technique which can be used to collect the data and find the fact in activity learn the existing system. Between interview, observation, questionnaires, sampling

c. cost effectiveness analysis or cost benefit analysis

d. technique to run the close

e. inspection technique / walkthrough

11. Explaining the differences of being a system analyst and a programmer

System Analyst	Programmer
- Responsibility of system analyst of at making program and system as a whole. - Broader system analyst knowledge at computer technology and at application area handled. - Work of system analyst in making program limited to trouble-shooting of secra outline. - Work of system analyst entangle the many people relation.	- Responsibility pemrogrammer limited to computer program making. - Rrogrammer knowledge limited to computer technology, computer system, utililies, needed programming language. - Technical programmer work in character and have to quickly in making intruksi-intruksi the program . - Programmer work do not concerning relation with many people.

Knowledge a system analyst should posses:

1. Knowledge and membership of about technological data processing technique of computer and programmer computer

2. Knowledge of about business in general

3. Knowledge about quantitative method

4. Trouble-Shooting membership

5. Communications membership usher the personnel

6. Membership construct the relation usher personnel

Refference :

Jeffrey L. Whitten, Lonnie D. Bentlev, Thomas I.M. Ho, Systems Analysis & Design Methods, (St. Louis: Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing, 1986), chapter. 107-113.

Ibid, chapter. 117-123.

Lihat Wilkinson, Accounting and Information Systems, (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1982), chapter. 547-549.

A.Ziyas Aktas, Op. cit., chapter. 132-133, 155-157.

Sommerville, Ian. Software Engineering. 6th. Addison Wesley. 2001.